ASTM C1609

ASTM C1609 – Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)

Description:

Significance and Use

5.1 The first-peak strength characterizes the flexural behavior of the fiber-reinforced concrete up to the onset of cracking, while residual strengths at specified deflections characterize the residual capacity after cracking. Specimen toughness is a measure of the energy absorption capacity of the test specimen. The appropriateness of each parameter depends on the nature of the proposed application and the level of acceptable cracking and deflection serviceability. Fiber-reinforced concrete is influenced in different ways by the amount and type of fibers in the concrete. In some cases, fibers may increase the residual load and toughness capacity at specified deflections while producing a first-peak strength equal to or only slightly greater than the flexural strength of the concrete without fibers. In other cases, fibers may significantly increase the first-peak and peak strengths while affecting a relatively small increase in residual load capacity and specimen toughness at specified deflections.

5.2 The first-peak strength, peak strength, and residual strengths determined by this test method reflect the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete under static flexural loading. The absolute values of energy absorption obtained in this test are of little direct relevance to the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete structures since they depend directly on the size and shape of the specimen and the loading arrangement.

5.3 The results of this test method may be used for comparing the performance of various fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures or in research and development work. They may also be used to monitor concrete quality, to verify compliance with construction specifications, obtain flexural strength data on fiber-reinforced concrete members subject to pure bending, or to evaluate the quality of concrete in service.

5.4 The results of this standard test method are dependent on the size of the specimen.

NOTE 5: The results obtained using one size molded specimen may not correspond to the performance of larger or smaller molded specimens, concrete in large structural units, or specimens sawn from such units. This difference may occur because the degree of preferential fiber alignment becomes more pronounced in molded specimens containing fibers that are relatively long compared with the cross-sectional dimensions of the mold. Moreover, structural members of significantly different thickness experience different maximum crack widths for a given mid-span deflection with the result that fibers undergo different degrees of pull-out and extension.

Scope

1.1 This test method evaluates the flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete using parameters derived from the load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported beam under third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-controlled testing system.

1.2 This test method provides for the determination of first-peak and peak loads and the corresponding stresses calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in Eq 1. It also requires determination of residual loads at specified deflections, the corresponding residual strengths calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in Eq 1 (see Note 1). It provides for determination of specimen toughness based on the area under the load-deflection curve up to a prescribed deflection (see Note 2) and the corresponding equivalent flexural strength ratio.

NOTE 1: Residual strength is not a true stress but an engineering stress computed using simple engineering bending theory for linear elastic materials and gross (uncracked) section properties.

NOTE 2: Specimen toughness expressed in terms of the area under the load-deflection curve is an indication of the energy absorption capability of the particular test specimen, and its magnitude depends directly on the geometry of the test specimen and the loading configuration.

1.3 This test method utilizes two preferred specimen sizes of 100 mm by 100 mm by 350 mm [4 in. by 4 in. by 14 in.] tested on a 300 mm [12 in.] span, or 150 mm by 150 mm by 500 mm [6 in. by 6 in. by 20 in.] tested on a 450 mm [18 in.] span. A specimen size different from the two preferred specimen sizes is permissible.

1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.