ASTM D2419

ASTM D2419 – Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate

Description:

Significance and Use

5.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material present in the test specimen.

5.2 A minimum sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of clay-like or clay-size fines in an aggregate.

5.3 This test method provides a rapid field method for determining changes in the quality of aggregates during production or placement.

Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.

Scope

1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.

Note 1: For fine aggregates containing clean dust of fracture (clay-size particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount of fines present in the material. In this case, other tests such as Methylene Blue Value (AASHTO T 330) or X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be needed to determine if the fines are deleterious.

Note 2: Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the numerical results of the test.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 subsection 1.3, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire diameter used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans, and covers.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.

1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.