XPS – X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Description: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition, chemical bonding, and electronic state of materials. In XPS, a sample is bombarded with monochromatic X-rays, which excite electrons in the sample’s surface layers. The electrons are ejected from the …